{"id":2662762,"date":"2021-11-30T13:46:02","date_gmt":"2021-11-30T18:46:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.futurity.org\/?p=2662762"},"modified":"2021-11-30T13:46:25","modified_gmt":"2021-11-30T18:46:25","slug":"selfies-parkinsons-disease-signs-2662762","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.futurity.org\/selfies-parkinsons-disease-signs-2662762\/","title":{"rendered":"Can selfie software predict if you’ll develop Parkinson’s?"},"content":{"rendered":"
Machine learning lets researchers accurately identify signs of Parkinson’s disease by analyzing facial muscles.<\/p>\n
Every day, millions of people take selfies with their smartphones or webcams to share online. And they almost invariably smile when they do so.<\/p>\n
“What if, with people’s permission, we could analyze those selfies and give them a referral in case they are showing early signs?”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Computer vision software\u2014based on algorithms that the researchers have developed\u2014can analyze the brief videos, including the short clips created while taking selfies, detecting subtle movements of facial muscles that are invisible to the naked eye.<\/p>\n
The software can then predict with remarkable accuracy whether a person who takes a selfie is likely to develop Parkinson’s disease\u2014as reliably as expensive, wearable digital biomarkers that monitor motor symptoms.<\/p>\n
The researchers’ describe the technology in Nature Digital Medicine<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n
Checking selfies for Parkinson’s disease risk<\/h3>\n
“Parkinson’s is the fastest growing neurological disorder<\/a>,” says Ehsan Hoque, an associate professor of computer science at the University of Rochester. “What if, with people’s permission, we could analyze those selfies and give them a referral in case they are showing early signs?”<\/p>\n
Smiles are not the only behaviors that Hoque and his lab can analyze for early symptoms<\/a> of Parkinson’s disease or related disorders.<\/p>\n
The researchers have developed a five-pronged test that neurologists could administer to patients sitting in front of their computer webcams hundreds of miles away.<\/p>\n
This could be transformative for patients who are quarantined, immobile, or living in underdeveloped areas where access to a neurologist is limited, Hoque says.<\/p>\n
In addition to making the biggest smile, and alternating it with a neutral expression three times, patients taking the test are also asked to:<\/p>\n
\n
- Read aloud a complex written sentence<\/li>\n
- Touch their index finger to their thumb 10 times as quickly as possible<\/li>\n
- Make the most disgusted look possible, alternating with a neutral expression, three times<\/li>\n
- Raise their eyebrows as high as possible, then lower them as far as they can, three times slowly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Using machine learning algorithms, the computer program shows\u2014within minutes\u2014a percentage likelihood from each of the tests whether the patient is showing symptoms<\/a> of Parkinson’s disease or related disorders.<\/p>\n
What exactly does the program look for? When patients are making a smile, the software can detect whether they show less control over their facial muscles while doing so, a symptom of Parkinson’s that clinicians refer to as “modularity.”<\/p>\n
“One thing about Parkinson’s is that you don’t show all the symptoms all the time, and not every symptom is shown in every part of your body,” says Rafayet Ali, lead author of the paper. “For example, you may not have hand tremors, but you may show a significant level of deviation in your smile.”<\/p>\n
Hence the importance of testing other expressions and movements, according to Ali, a former postdoctoral associate in Hoque’s lab who now is an associate data scientist at Sysco.<\/p>\n
Updating assessments<\/h3>\n
Both Hoque and Ali have personal stakes in helping people with Parkinson’s. Their mothers both have had the disorder. Hoque’s late mother in Bangladesh, for example, was put on leovodopa, a leading medication for the disorder, after finally finding one of the country’s few neurologists. The tremors went away. “We were so happy,” Hoque says. Unfortunately, it was difficult to make follow-up appointments, and the tremors eventually returned.<\/p>\n
That prompted Hoque to email Ray Dorsey, a professor of neurology, “just to casually chat.” When they finally met in 2016, Hoque recalls, Dorsey “took a big document and just threw it on the table.” The pamphlet contained forms physicians need to fill out as part of the Movement Disorders Society\u2013Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS).<\/p>\n
“That’s the gold standard for measuring<\/a> Parkinson’s,” Dorsey told him. “Everything we do is pen and paper. Any automation, any data analytics that you can bring into this would be a contribution. And he immediately helped us see how we could do that,” Hoque says.<\/p>\n